UNIX commands, however, are stand-alone programs; they may incorporate both system calls and library functions in their programming. 21) What is Bash Shell? It is a free shell designed to work on the UNIX system. Being the default shell for most UNIX-based systems, it combines features that are available both in the C and Korn Shell. In Unix/Linux, software is installed in the form of packages. A package contains the program itself. Any dependent component needs to be downloaded separately. You can also send e-mails from terminal using the 'mail' command; Cheat Sheet. Below is a Cheat Sheet of Linux commands we have learned in this tutorial.

1. Basic Unix Commands Cheat Sheet.pdf
2. Unix Basics Commands Pdf With Example
3. Basic Unix Linux Commands Pdf
4. Basic Unix Commands For Beginners Pdf
5. Basic Unix Administration Commands Pdf

The first character, the type field, indicates the file type. In the example above the file type is “-”, which indicates a regular file. Other file types include: d for directory, l (lower case ell) for symbolic link, s for Unix domain socket, p for named pipe, c for character device file and b for block device file. This tutorial is written to help people understand some of the basics of shell script programming (aka shell scripting), and hopefully to introduce some of the possibilities of simple but powerful programming available under the Bourne shell. As such, it has been written as a basis for one-on-one or group tutorials and exercises, and as a reference for subsequent use. Compiled by Aluizio using the book UNIX IN A NUTSHELL, Arnold Robbins, O'Reilly Ed., 4th edition, 2005, ISBN 0­596­10029­9. USEFUL UNIX COMMANDS cancel cancel print requested with lp cat file Display the file cat file1 file2 files Combine file1 and file2 into files. Some Basic UNIX Commands by Donald Hyatt The UNIX operating system has for many years formed the backbone of the Internet, especially for large servers and most major university campuses. File Access Modes The permissions of a file are the first line of defense in the security of a Unix system. The basic building blocks of Unix permissions are the read, write, and execute permissions, which have been described below − Read. Grants the capability to read, i.e., view the contents of the file.

This is a list of Unix commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.

List[edit]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

1. ^Stanfield, Vicki (2006). Linux System Administration. Craig Hunt Linux Library. Roderick W. Smith (2 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 152. ISBN9780782152203. Retrieved 2012-11-27. The command sg is frequently a synonym for newgrp.

External links[edit]

Basic Unix Commands Cheat Sheet.pdf

• Rosetta Stone For *Nix – configurable list of equivalent programs for *nix systems.
• The Unix Acronym List – explains the names of many Unix commands.

The total number of Unix commands is immense. No normal user or system administrator would ever need to know them all.

The Unix commands available to you will vary based upon several factors:

• The version of Unix you are using (FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, OpenBSD, etc…)
• The Unix shell you are using (sh, csh, tcsh, ksh, bash, etc…)
• The packages installed on the system and the way the system is configured
• Your access level on the system

This list of basic Unix commands will get you started using and learning Unix.

Chart of Basic Unix Commands

The basic Unix commands are fairly standard across the various Unix platforms, although command arguments differ at times. In addition, the basic Unix commands vary between Unix shells.

Use the Unix `man` command to learn more about any of these commands.

Basic Unix Commands in Detail

mkdir

Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.

Usage

mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY

Options

Note: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-m, mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx – umask

-p, parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed

-v, verbose print a message for each created directory

-help, display this help and exit

-version, output version information and exit

Examples

Create single directory

Create 3 directories

cd

Use cd to change directories. Type cd followed by the name of a directory to access that directory.Keep in mind that you are always in a directory and can navigate to directories hierarchically above or below.

Usage

cd DIRECTORYNAME

Example

mv

To change the name of a directory. Type mv followed by the current name of a directory and the new name of the directory.

Usage and Example

This renames the filejunkas the fileprecious.

pwd

print working directory; will show you the full path to the directory you are currently in. This is very handy to use, especially when you need to perform other directory related tasks.

Usage

pwd

Example:

rmdir

Remove an existing directory

Usage

rm DIRECTORYNAME

Options

rm -r

Removes directories and files within the directories recursively.

Example

To delete a directory named usersmith, type the following command ((from any directory except usersmith):

chown

change file owner and group; Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. With –reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE

Usage

chown [OPTION] OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE

chown [OPTION] :GROUP FILE

chown [OPTION] –reference=RFILE FILE

Options

-c, changes like verbose but report only when a change is made

-dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link, rather than the symbolic link itself

-h, no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file (useful only on systems that can change the ownership of a symlink)

-from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUP

change the owner and/or group of each file only if its current owner and/or group match those specified here. Either may be omitted, in which case a match is not required for the omitted attribute.

-no-preserve-root do not treat `/’ specially (the default)

-preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/’

-f, -silent, -quiet suppress most error messages

Unix Basics Commands Pdf With Example

-reference=RFILE use RFILE’s owner and group rather than the specifying OWNER:GROUP values

-R, -recursive operate on files and directories recursively

-v, -verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed

The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final one takes effect.

-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link to a directory, traverse it

-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered

-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)

Examples

The owner of the ‘test.txt’ file is root, Change to new user hiox.

chmod

change file access permissions

Usage

chmod [-r] permissions filenames

r Change the permission on files that are in the subdirectories of the directory that you are currently in.

permission Specifies the rights that are being granted. Given below are the different rights that you can grant in an alphanumeric format.

u – User who owns the file.

g – Group that owns the file.

o – Other.

a – All.

r – Read the file.

w – Write or edit the file.

x – Execute or run the file as a program.

Numeric Permissions:

CHMOD can also to attributed by using Numeric Permissions:

400 read by owner

040 read by group

004 read by anybody (other)

200 write by owner

020 write by group

002 write by anybody

100 execute by owner

010 execute by group

001 execute by anybody

Examples

gives:

read, execute, and write access to the user (that’s you)

read and execute access to the group and

read and execute access to others

Basic Unix Linux Commands Pdf

The same can be achieved by using the command

ls

Short listing of directory contents

Usage

ls [OPTION]

Options

-a list hidden files

-d list the name of the current directory

-F show directories with a trailing ‘/’

executable files with a trailing ‘*’

-g show group ownership of file in long listing

-i print the inode number of each file

-l long listing giving details about files and directories

-R list all subdirectories encountered

-t sort by time modified instead of name

Example

To list the contents of the current directory:

cp

To copy files

Usage and Examples

Copy the files “myfile” to the file “yourfile” in the current working directory. This command will create the file “yourfile” if it doesn’t exist. It will normally overwrite it without warning if it exists.

With the “-i” option, if the file “yourfile” exists, you will be prompted before it is overwritten.

Copy the file “/data/myfile” to the current working directory and name it “myfile”. Prompt before overwriting the file.

Copy all files from the directory “srcdir” to the directory “destdir” preserving links (-doption), file attributes (-p option), and copy recursively (-r option). With these options, a directory and all it contents can be copied to another directory.

ln

Creates a symbolic link to a file.

Usage and Example

Creates a symbolic link named symlink that points to the file test.

Typing “ls -i test symlink” will show the two files are different with different inodes.

Basic Unix Commands For Beginners Pdf

Typing “ls -l test symlink” will show that symlink points to the file test.

locate

A fast database driven file locator.

<! >

<! >

Usage

locate [options] name(s)

Basic Unix Administration Commands Pdf

Options

-q – to suppress error messages

-n – followed by an integer, this option limits the results to a specific number

-i – performs a case-insensitive search

Examples

>locate '*.png'

Diplays all the files that have .png file extension.

>locate -n 15 '*.html'

Displays 15 results from a search for files with .html extension

>locate -i '*.HtmL'

Returns all files with extensions .html, .HTML or any such similar combination.